@PhdThesis{diss_mods_00013630,
  author = 	{M{\"o}ller, Thomas},
  title = 	{Measurement of the Radiation Exposure for High Altitude Flights in the Polar Region},
  year = 	{2013},
  publisher = 	{Christian-Albrechts-Universit{\"a}t zu Kiel},
  address = 	{Kiel},
  keywords = 	{altitude dependence; absorbed dose; GCR; stratosphere; BEXUS; dose rate in silicon; Dosimetrie; H{\"o}henabh{\"a}ngigkeit der Strahlenexposition; H{\"o}henstrahlung; galaktische Kosmische Strahlung; Stratosph{\"a}re; FRED},
  abstract = 	{The Earth is permanently exposed to energetic particle radiation from outer space called galactic cosmic rays. The radiation is mainly composed of  protons, alpha-particles, some electrons and few heavy nuclei. A part of the galactic cosmic rays can penetrate  the Earth's magnetic field, whereby a particle cascade is initialized by nuclear interaction with the molecules of the atmosphere. The primary cosmic ray particles as well as the produced secondary particles form a natural radiation field composed of charged and neutral particles.  The composition of the radiation field depends on the geomagnetic latitude and altitude. Thus, the radiation field changes for different altitudes such as at the orbit of the International Space Station (ISS), at common cruising altitudes, and at the ground. The radiation field at ground level is dominated by the terrestrial radiation and it is not considered in this work. Due to the fact that the  exposure of  air crew and astronauts is permanently calculated and measured, the radiation field at cruising altitudes and onboard the ISS is well known. For  altitudes above 20 km and below the ISS orbit (400 km), however, the radiation exposure  is mostly unknown. In future the radiation field in these altitudes will become more important because of the emergences of space tourism and new generation supersonic aircraft.  Therefore, this work focuses on the radiation exposure up to an altitude of 25 km. For this purpose a particle telescope consisting of four segmented silicon semiconductor detectors was developed. Due to the arrangement of the detectors, it is possible to separate neutral and charged particles and the belonging calculated dose rates. In this work the particle telescope has been calibrated with several heavy ions, radioactive sources and with neutrons of different energies. Furthermore,  measurements onboard aircraft were conducted in order to verify the performance of the telescope in a complex natural radiation field. In order to acquire measurements up to an altitude of 25 km an unmanned balloon flight near the polar circle was conducted. Based on this measurement presented in this work, it is now possible to estimate the radiation exposure up to an altitude of 25 km.},
  url = 	{https://macau.uni-kiel.de/receive/diss_mods_00013630},
  file = 	{:https://macau.uni-kiel.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/dissertation_derivate_00005187/diss_tmoeller.pdf:PDF},
  language = 	{en}
}