@PhdThesis{diss_mods_00019368, author = {H{\"o}lken, Iris}, title = {Mechanically stable and environmentally friendly polymer/particle composites for the application as low-fouling coating in the marine sector}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Christian-Albrechts-Universit{\"a}t zu Kiel}, address = {Kiel}, keywords = {Marine biofouling; polythiourethane; tetrapodal zinc oxide; polymer/particle-composite; PTU/Silione-composites; Marines Biofouling; tetrapodales Zinkoxid; Polymer/Partikel-Komposit; PTU/Silikon-Komposit}, abstract = {In this work, novel ecofriendly and durable marine antifouling coatings on the basis of a two-component thermoset polythiourethane (PTU) have been developed. Mechanical and chemical properties with respect to stoichiometric component-variations were evaluated and long-term immersion experiments were done in the Baltic sea. Enhanced tensile strength and adhesion was obtained by incorporation of 5 wt.{\%} tetrapodal-shaped ZnO (t-ZnO). Contact angle measurements revealed an impact of t-ZnO incorporation on the surface free energy. Preliminary immersion experiments show the reduction of marine fouling as a result of increasing t-ZnO incorporation and based on these results, long-term field experiments were realized. Rresidue-free clean-ability was demonstrated after 12 months. Further, silicone was reinforced by t-ZnO and tensile strengthening as function of increasing filler amount was shown. Immersion experiments demonstrated reduced fouling compared to PTU, but cleaning caused significant damages. Consequently, fouling-release properties of silicones were combined with mechanical features of PTU. The increase in tensile strength of PTU/silicone composites was shown as function of t-ZnO filler content. Surface characteristics demonstrated the formation of silicone microdomains on the surface of the composites embedded into the PTU matrix. The wetting behavior underlined the retention of the silicones surface properties. Immersion results from seawater and subsequent cleaning showed convincing easy-to clean features for all PTU/silicone composites. On the other hand, those samples immersed into freshwater demonstrate self-cleaning properties for composites filled with ZnO particles of arbitrary morphology.}, url = {https://macau.uni-kiel.de/receive/diss_mods_00019368}, file = {:https://macau.uni-kiel.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/dissertation_derivate_00006723/Dissertation__Iris_Hoelken.pdf:PDF}, language = {en} }