@PhdThesis{diss_mods_00022599,
  author = 	{Blunk, Inga},
  title = 	{On obtaining estimates of parent-of-origin effects effectively and their exploitation in association genetic mapping},
  year = 	{2018},
  publisher = 	{Christian-Albrechts-Universit{\"a}t zu Kiel},
  address = 	{Kiel},
  keywords = 	{genomic imprinting; epigenetics; Brown Swiss; Simmental; growth traits; genomische Pr{\"a}gung; Epigenetik; Braunvieh; Fleckvieh; Wachstumsmerkmale},
  abstract = 	{Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon that arises when the expression of genes depends on the parental origin of their alleles. Thus, imprinting effects are attributed to the class of parent-of-origin effects (POEs). So far, the derivation of their standard errors -- which are needed to calculate their reliabilities -- was of high computational effort. Therefore, a model (equivalent model) was proposed that directly provides the estimates of POEs (ePOEs) and thus easily delivers their standard errors. The application of this model to slaughter data resulted in findings on the impact of imprinting on beef traits in Brown Swiss cattle. The equivalent model was then modified to enable the analyses of great sets of Simmental cattle slaughterhouse data provided by up to 1.36 million fattening bulls solely based on male ancestors. A mean proportion of 13.2{\%} of the genetic variance was found to be attributable to POEs. After investigating the role of imprinting in variance component analyses, the underlying imprinted loci were analyzed in a genome-wide association study in Brown Swiss cattle. In earlier approaches, it was a general prerequisite that ordered genotypes are available for the animals with phenotypes. However, only un-ordered genotypes and no own records were available for the sires of the Brown Swiss fattening bulls. In simulated data, it was, however, shown that imprinted loci can be detected and distinguished from biparentally expressed loci, when ePOEs of parents are regressed on their own un-ordered genotypes. The variation of ePOEs can be adjusted using their reliabilities derived via the equivalent model. This approach has made it possible to detect imprinted loci within the un-ordered genomes of Brown Swiss sires. The equivalent model efficiently provides the necessary features for this approach that facilitates the exploitation of large amounts of data, which already exist and otherwise would remain idle for imprinting analyses.},
  url = 	{https://macau.uni-kiel.de/receive/diss_mods_00022599},
  file = 	{:https://macau.uni-kiel.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/dissertation_derivate_00007537/Dissertation_Blunk_Inga.pdf:PDF},
  language = 	{en}
}