@Article{macau_mods_00000958, author = {Utermann, Caroline and Echelmeyer, Vivien A. and Oppong-Danquah, Ernest and Bl{\"u}mel, Martina and Tasdemir, Deniz}, title = {Diversity, Bioactivity Profiling and Untargeted Metabolomics of the Cultivable Gut Microbiota of Ciona intestinalis}, journal = {Marine drugs}, year = {2020}, publisher = {MDPI AG}, address = {Basel}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, keywords = {Antimicrobial activity; Tunicate; Ciona intestinalis; Anticancer activity; marine natural products; Untargeted Metabolomics; Feature-based Molecular Networking; Gut-associated Microbiota; In Silico Ms/ms-based Dereplication}, abstract = {It is widely accepted that the commensal gut microbiota contributes to the health and well-being of its host. The solitary tunicate Ciona intestinalis emerges as a model organism for studying host-microbe interactions taking place in the gut, however, the potential of its gut-associated microbiota for marine biodiscovery remains unexploited. In this study, we set out to investigate the diversity, chemical space, and pharmacological potential of the gut-associated microbiota of C. intestinalis collected from the Baltic and North Seas. In a culture-based approach, we isolated 61 bacterial and 40 fungal strains affiliated to 33 different microbial genera, indicating a rich and diverse gut microbiota dominated by Gammaproteobacteria. In vitro screening of the crude microbial extracts indicated their antibacterial (64{\%} of extracts), anticancer (22{\%}), and/or antifungal (11{\%}) potential. Nine microbial crude extracts were prioritized for in-depth metabolome mining by a bioactivity- and chemical diversity-based selection procedure. UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics combining automated (feature-based molecular networking and in silico dereplication) and manual approaches significantly improved the annotation rates. A high chemical diversity was detected where peptides and polyketides were the predominant classes. Many compounds remained unknown, including two putatively novel lipopeptides produced by a Trichoderma sp. strain. This is the first study assessing the chemical and pharmacological profile of the cultivable gut microbiota of C. intestinalis.}, issn = {1660-3397}, doi = {10.3390/md19010006}, url = {https://macau.uni-kiel.de/receive/macau_mods_00000958}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/md19010006}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33374243}, file = {:https://macau.uni-kiel.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/macau_derivate_00002009/marinedrugs-19-00006.pdf:PDF}, language = {en} }