000K utf8 1100 $c2020 1500 eng 2050 urn:nbn:de:gbv:8:3-2021-00036-5 2051 10.3390/md19010006 3000 Utermann, Caroline 3010 Blümel, Martina 3010 Echelmeyer, Vivien A 3010 Oppong-Danquah, Ernest 3010 Tasdemir, Deniz 4000 Diversity, Bioactivity Profiling and Untargeted Metabolomics of the Cultivable Gut Microbiota of Ciona intestinalis [Utermann, Caroline] 4209 It is widely accepted that the commensal gut microbiota contributes to the health and well-being of its host. The solitary tunicate Ciona intestinalis emerges as a model organism for studying host-microbe interactions taking place in the gut, however, the potential of its gut-associated microbiota for marine biodiscovery remains unexploited. In this study, we set out to investigate the diversity, chemical space, and pharmacological potential of the gut-associated microbiota of C. intestinalis collected from the Baltic and North Seas. In a culture-based approach, we isolated 61 bacterial and 40 fungal strains affiliated to 33 different microbial genera, indicating a rich and diverse gut microbiota dominated by Gammaproteobacteria. In vitro screening of the crude microbial extracts indicated their antibacterial (64% of extracts), anticancer (22%), and/or antifungal (11%) potential. Nine microbial crude extracts were prioritized for in-depth metabolome mining by a bioactivity- and chemical diversity-based selection procedure. UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics combining automated (feature-based molecular networking and in silico dereplication) and manual approaches significantly improved the annotation rates. A high chemical diversity was detected where peptides and polyketides were the predominant classes. Many compounds remained unknown, including two putatively novel lipopeptides produced by a Trichoderma sp. strain. This is the first study assessing the chemical and pharmacological profile of the cultivable gut microbiota of C. intestinalis. 4950 https://doi.org/10.3390/md19010006$xR$3Volltext$534 4950 https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:8:3-2021-00036-5$xR$3Volltext$534 4961 https://macau.uni-kiel.de/receive/macau_mods_00000958 5051 333.7 5550 Anticancer activity 5550 Antimicrobial activity 5550 Ciona intestinalis 5550 Feature-based Molecular Networking 5550 Gut-associated Microbiota 5550 In Silico Ms/ms-based Dereplication 5550 marine natural products 5550 Tunicate 5550 Untargeted Metabolomics