000K utf8 1100 $c2020 1500 eng 2050 urn:nbn:de:gbv:8:3-2021-00032-4 2051 10.3390/microorganisms8122022 3000 Utermann, Caroline 3010 Blümel, Martina 3010 Briski, Elizabeta 3010 Buedenbender, Larissa 3010 Busch, Kathrin 3010 Haltli, Bradley A 3010 Hentschel Humeida, Ute 3010 Kerr, Russell G 3010 Lin, Yaping 3010 Tasdemir, Deniz 4000 Comparative Microbiome and Metabolome Analyses of the Marine Tunicate Ciona intestinalis from Native and Invaded Habitats [Utermann, Caroline] 4209 Massive fouling by the invasive ascidian Ciona intestinalis in Prince Edward Island (PEI, Canada) has been causing devastating losses to the local blue mussel farms. In order to gain first insights into so far unexplored factors that may contribute to the invasiveness of C. intestinalis in PEI, we undertook comparative microbiome and metabolome studies on specific tissues from C. intestinalis populations collected in invaded (PEI) and native regions (Helgoland and Kiel, Germany). Microbial community analyses and untargeted metabolomics revealed clear location- and tissue-specific patterns showing that biogeography and the sampled tissue shape the microbiome and metabolome of C. intestinalis. Moreover, we observed higher microbial and chemical diversity in C. intestinalis from PEI than in the native populations. Bacterial OTUs specific to C. intestinalis from PEI included Cyanobacteria (e.g., Leptolyngbya sp.) and Rhodobacteraceae (e.g., Roseobacter sp.), while populations from native sampling sites showed higher abundances of e.g., Firmicutes (Helgoland) and Epsilonproteobacteria (Kiel). Altogether 121 abundant metabolites were putatively annotated in the global ascidian metabolome, of which 18 were only detected in the invasive PEI population (e.g., polyketides and terpenoids), while six (e.g., sphingolipids) or none were exclusive to the native specimens from Helgoland and Kiel, respectively. Some identified bacteria and metabolites reportedly possess bioactive properties (e.g., antifouling and antibiotic) that may contribute to the overall fitness of C. intestinalis. Hence, this first study provides a basis for future studies on factors underlying the global invasiveness of Ciona species. 4950 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8122022$xR$3Volltext$534 4950 https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:8:3-2021-00032-4$xR$3Volltext$534 4961 https://macau.uni-kiel.de/receive/macau_mods_00000962 5051 333.7 5550 Ascidian 5550 Bioactive Secondary Metabolites 5550 Biological invasion 5550 Ciona intestinalis 5550 Microbiome 5550 Prince Edward Island 5550 Symbionts 5550 Untargeted Metabolomics