000K utf8 1100 $c2021 1500 eng 2050 urn:nbn:de:gbv:8:3-2021-00481-5 2051 10.3390/electronics10131522 3000 Simmich, Sebastian 3010 Bahr, Andreas 3010 Rieger, Robert 4000 Noise Efficient Integrated Amplifier Designs for Biomedical Applications [Simmich, Sebastian] 4209 The recording of neural signals with small monolithically integrated amplifiers is of high interest in research as well as in commercial applications, where it is common to acquire 100 or more channels in parallel. This paper reviews the recent developments in low-noise biomedical amplifier design based on CMOS technology, including lateral bipolar devices. Seven major circuit topology categories are identified and analyzed on a per-channel basis in terms of their noise-efficiency factor (NEF), input-referred absolute noise, current consumption, and area. A historical trend towards lower NEF is observed whilst absolute noise power and current consumption exhibit a widespread over more than five orders of magnitude. The performance of lateral bipolar transistors as amplifier input devices is examined by transistor-level simulations and measurements from five different prototype designs fabricated in 180 nm and 350 nm CMOS technology. The lowest measured noise floor is 9.9 nV/√Hz with a 10 µA bias current, which results in a NEF of 1.2. 4950 https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131522$xR$3Volltext$534 4950 https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:8:3-2021-00481-5$xR$3Volltext$534 4961 https://macau.uni-kiel.de/receive/macau_mods_00001554 5051 600 5550 chopper stabilized 5550 CMOS 5550 current reuse 5550 folded-cascode 5550 inverter based 5550 lateral BJT 5550 low noise 5550 low power 5550 multistage 5550 NEF 5550 noise efficiency 5550 OTA