000K  utf8
1100  $c2023
1500  eng
2050  urn:nbn:de:gbv:8:3-2024-00123-3
2051  10.3389/frwa.2023.1119951
3000  Meyer, Benjamin
3010  Bendinger, Bernd
3010  Hippelein, Martin
3010  Nocker, Andreas
3010  Pannekens, Mark
3010  Probst, Alexander J.
3010  Soares, André R.
3010  Timmermann, Lara
4000  Bacterial populations in different parts of domestic drinking water systems are distinct and adapted to the given ambient temperatures$hFrontiers Media SA  [Meyer, Benjamin]
4030  $nFrontiers Media SA
4209  Drinking water enters buildings with a given microbiological community composition. Within premise plumbing systems, the drinking water is subject to very different conditions and temperatures. Whereas part of the water stays cold, another part is heated to provide hot water. In this study, drinking water samples were taken at different locations in four buildings that had central heating circles and that were equipped with ultrafiltration modules. The latter were intended to keep bacterial numbers low. When studying the increase in bacterial concentrations in these water samples using regrowth tests at different incubation temperatures, a temperature-dependence could be observed. Bacteria in cold water samples propagated best when incubated at 22°C, but often poorly at 36°C and not at all at 50°C. Bacteria in hot water samples showed the reverse behavior and grew best when incubated at 50°C, whereas growth at 22°C was poor or associated with a long growth lag. Water samples from distal taps in periphery locations used for retrieving both cold and hot water showed intermediate growth behaviors. Results suggest the existence of different temperature-adapted bacterial populations within domestic drinking water systems. The finding was supported by sequence data revealing distinct differences in the microbiomes between cold and hot water samples. Abundant bacterial groups in hot water included Deinococci, Kryptonia, Ignavibacteria, Nitrospiria, Gemmatimonadetes and different genera of Gammaproteobacteria. Stagnation of hot water at 50°C, 55°C, or 60°C furthermore shaped the microbiome in different ways indicating that small temperature differences can have a substantial impact on the bacterial communities.
4950  https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1119951$xR$3Volltext$534
4950  https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:8:3-2024-00123-3$xR$3Volltext$534
4961  https://macau.uni-kiel.de/receive/macau_mods_00004404
5051  333.7
5550  domestic drinking water distribution
5550  drinking water
5550  drinking water microbiome
5550  microbiology
5550  premise plumbing systems
5550  temperature adaptation