000K  utf8
1100  $c2025
1500  eng
2050  urn:nbn:de:gbv:8:3-2025-00489-9
2051  10.3390/en18030587
3000  Almawu, Endalkachew Degarege
3010  Cecati, Federico
3010  Liserre, Marco
4000  Robust Stability Analysis of Grid-Forming Converter-Dominated Grids Using Grey-Box Modelling Approach$hMDPI AG  [Almawu, Endalkachew Degarege]
4030  $nMDPI AG
4209  In recent years, continuous efforts have been made for the modelling and stability analysis of converter-dominated grids. Ensuring stability in converter-dominated grids presents a unique challenge, primarily due to the manufacturers’ intellectual property (IP) protections. Determining the robust stability boundary of a grid incorporating converters from various manufacturers remains an area requiring extensive research. Recently, a grey-box modelling approach for studying interoperability has been proposed in the literature. However, the existing methodology is solely suitable for grid-following converters. This study bridges the gap by proposing a GFM converters model which aligns with the methodology for analysing the interoperability of GFL converters. The model is designed to represent a range of control system implementations across different manufacturers. Using robust control theory, this approach assesses the grid’s stability margin and sensitivity analysis of the control loops under various conditions considering a single GFM converter. The results are validated both analytically and through real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tests to demonstrate the model accuracy in predicting robust stability margin and sensitivity of the control loops in GFM converter-dominated grids.
4950  https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030587$xR$3Volltext$534
4950  https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:8:3-2025-00489-9$xR$3Volltext$534
4961  https://macau.uni-kiel.de/receive/macau_mods_00006021
5051  600
5550  grey-box modelling
5550  grid-forming
5550  robust stability analysis
5550  sensitivity analysis
5550  synchronization
5550  uncertainty