Geophysical Prospection of Archaeological Sites on the Northern Peloponnese, Greece : Geological and Urban Challenges
Despite 20 years of many developments, challenges remain for geophysical prospection of archaeological sites; two of these challenges are investigated in this thesis on case studies from the archaeological sites Aigeira and Sikyon; the geological setting and urban environments. These challenges can be overcome through various multi-method approaches depending on the region as shown on a series of case studies. However, this work also includes an extensive multi-method geophysical study focused on an enigmatic subsurface structure that could be interpreted as either prehistoric chamber tombs or complex, highly heterogeneous weathering patterns. This work demonstrates how shear-wave seismics and full-waveform inversion (FWI) can be used in archaeological prospecting to distinguish between different interpretive models. Since it is able to reveal a highly heterogeneous subsurface that is characterized by linear cracks on a decimeter scale. The second main case study highlights the challenge of a large-scale seismic prospection in an urban area. Due to the too disturbing factors of the urban environment, passive ambient noise recording methods were tested. This thesis shows that the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method can be used as a substitute of refraction seismics to map the depth of the first layer interface over large areas after establishing a relationship between the HVSR resonance frequency and refractor depth. The analysis of arrays (beamforming) of very small aperture arrays consisting of 9 stations proved capable to image the subsurface in similar resolution as does MASW. Hence, this method can be seen as a substitute to the Love-wave analysis for determining shear-wave velocities in an urban environment.
Even in the urban environment of modern Kiato, active seismic surveys in search of Sikyon's silted-up harbor basin have, in principle, been successfully conducted.
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