Development of a model for the two major types of prostate carcinomas that enables the detection and study of potential markers for predicting metastasis into lymph nodes

Prostate cancer is the one of the most frequent types of cancer in males. Until today the prostate carcinoma cases were evaluated for the risk of metastases on criteria like the scoring of D Amico or Candiolo but without the possibility to predict the hematogenic or lymphatic route of metastases.

In this study three human prostate cancer cells lines which are hormone sensitive have been selected (LNCaP, VcaP and MDAPCa2b) and three which are hormone refractory (PC3, DU145 and SerBob). Then each line was forming co-culture with endothelial cell or osteoblast in order to form tumoroids and resemble the lymphatic or bone metastases respectively. Then a differential expression analysis of all transcriptomes took place, which reveal several genes that are steadily overexpressed during co-cultivation. Then knock down methodologies reveal that only few genes and relevant proteins are involved in the metastatic process especially to the lymph nodes (MYO1B, MYADM and PIP5K1A). These potential biomarkers also validated by comparing prostate carcinoma cases and healthy individuals.

Of course, the actual proof of concept requires further in vivo studies in orthotopic animal models, but nevertheless there is a strong indication that these theses biomarkers may have a value to predict the metastases of a prostate carcinoma to the lymph nodes. This may provide more stronger indication to the urologist to safely select which patient may have an actual clinical benefit from an inguinal lymph node clearance which not.

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