Carbon monoxide in coastal waters and the open ocean

In this study, the distribution characteristics, seasonal variations, sea-to-air fluxes, and influencing factors of CO in the Ria Formosa Lagoon system and at Boknis Eck time-series station were systematically investigated through a combination of situ measurements and incubation experiments. The relationship between CO and physical-chemical-biological factors and the potential impact of aquaculture activities were explored. The contribution of the study areas to regional or global atmospheric CO and the various sources and removal rates of CO were quantified. Factors affecting the source-sink pathway were investigated, and the source-sink balance of CO within the surface layer was quantitatively assessed. In addition, a comprehensive compilation of >12,000 sea-surface CO observations was performed to reconstruct oceanic emissions using a data-driven machine learning approach, reducing the estimation uncertainty of global oceanic emissions of CO. This thesis work can provide a solid scientific foundation for establishing a biogeochemical cycle model of CO in the ocean.