Nutrients in Kenya's Coastal Waters : Analyzing Sources, Pathways, and Ecological Implications

Coastal ecosystems face increasing nutrient enrichment from human activities, threatening ecological health globally. This PhD study assessed anthropogenic nutrient dynamics in Kenya’s coastal waters, focusing on their influence on phytoplankton shifts and harmful algal bloom (HAB) risks. Combining field surveys, lab analyses, and literature reviews (August 2021–July 2022), the research revealed elevated nutrient levels in urban-adjacent estuaries like Tudor Creek, with seasonal peaks linked to freshwater influx. A shift from nitrogen-limited to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN)-enriched conditions was observed, with phosphorus/silica becoming limiting. Nutrient sources included sewage, agriculture, industry, submarine groundwater, and atmospheric deposition. Despite identifying 59 harmful microalgae taxa (47% toxin-producing), no phytotoxins were detected. Findings confirm nutrient enrichment drives phytoplankton community changes, favoring HAB species. The study underscores the urgent need for integrated nutrient management to safeguard Kenya’s coral reefs, seagrass, and marine biodiversity.

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