Evaluating the Effectiveness of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) Policies in Sub-Saharan African Cities: A Case Study of Lagos State, Nigeria

This dissertation investigated the effectiveness of 3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle) -based municipal solid waste (MSW) management policies in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with a focus on Lagos, Nigeria. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study comprised three integrated investigations: (1) a systematic review and meta-analysis of MSW collection across SSA, (2 ) an empirical analysis of the Lagos Recycle Initiative to assess landfill diversion and factors of recycling motivation using integrated machine learning techniques, (3) a content analysis of the Lagos State Environmental Management and Protection Law 2017 regarding its support for the 3Rs. The findings reveal a significantly low MSW collection rate in Lagos (10%) and a negligible recycling diversion rate (0.37%), reflecting gaps in policy implementation and public infrastructure. The study highlights the need for a balanced policy emphasis on the 3Rs and recommends actionable pathways toward achieving a circular economy in the region.

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